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Options trading is a type of derivatives trading where traders buy the right (but not the obligation) to buy or sell an underlying asset—such as stocks, indices, or commodities—at a fixed price before a specified date.
This right is granted through an “option contract,” which is of two types:
Options are traded heavily on Indian exchanges like NSE and BSE, with regulatory oversight by SEBI. Whether you're a retail trader or an institutional investor, options provide flexible opportunities to hedge risk, speculate on market direction, or generate income.
Options help protect your portfolio. If you own stocks and fear a market downturn, buying a Put Option acts as insurance.
Example: You hold ₹5L worth of Reliance shares. You can buy a Put Option at ₹2,500 to sell if prices fall, capping your losses.
Want to benefit from short-term price movements? Options let you trade directionally without needing full capital exposure.
Example: You expect Nifty to rise from 22,000 to 22,500. You can buy a Call Option for a small premium and benefit from the move.
Strategies like Covered Calls can earn passive income on stocks you already own.
You own the stock and sell a Call Option to earn a premium.
You own the stock and buy a Put Option to hedge downside.
Buy both a Call and Put at same strike. Profits in volatility, regardless of direction.
Buy a lower strike Call, sell a higher strike Call. Limits both loss and profit.
✅ Pro Tip: Always backtest strategies and understand your risk appetite. Options can lose 100% of premium if not exercised in time.
Always backtest strategies, stay updated with market trends, and never overleverage.
Say you buy a Call Option on Infosys at a strike of ₹1,500 with a premium of ₹30, and Infosys goes to ₹1,580.
Your profit = (₹1,580 - ₹1,500 - ₹30) × Lot size
= ₹50 × Lot size (say 300) = ₹15,000
But if Infosys stays below ₹1,500, your maximum loss is just ₹30 × 300 = ₹9,000
Yes. It's regulated by SEBI and traded on NSE and BSE.
Yes. You can buy/sell options contracts independently of the underlying.
Yes, especially if misused. However, it can be safe and strategic when used for hedging.
Profits from options are taxed as business income under Income Tax Act.
Yes, but only after understanding concepts and starting small with proper risk management.
Swastika, a SEBI-registered and trusted Indian broker, offers:
🧠 Ready to trade smart with confidence?
👉 Start your options trading journey with Swastika
Last year in October, Oyo parent company Oravel Stays Ltd filed a draft red herring prospectus (DRHP) with SEBI to launch an Rs 8,430-crore IPO
The prospectus was approved in January of this year, and the IPO is slated to start soon.
OYO submitted its DRHP with SEBI in October of last year and has now requested permission to file its financial accounts for FY22.
OYO is an online marketplace for travelers to locate hotels and other places to stay. Ritesh Agarwal founded OYO in 2013 to aggregate and standardize services given by budget hotels and hostels across India. OYO Hotels and Homes manages India's largest hotel network.
The intial public offering includes a fresh issuance of shares worth Rs 7,000 crore and an offer-for-sale (OFS) by existing shareholders for Rs 1,430 crore. The business also stated that it will explore offering shares worth up to Rs 1,400 crore in a pre-IPO placement.
According to the sources, SoftBank, which owns 48% of OYO, will decrease its interest in the business, and its share sale would likely account for the majority of the OFS. A1 Holdings Inc (Grab) and China Lodging are two other investors that are expected to sell their IPO stakes.
The issue's global coordinators and book running lead managers are Kotak Mahindra Capital Company, JP Morgan India Private Ltd, Citigroup Global Markets India Private Ltd, ICICI Securities, Nomura Financial Advisory and Securities, and JM Financial Ltd.
OYO is aiming to cut the amount of its IPO from $1.2 billion to $800 million.
Negative market sentiment, pandemic challenges, and investor withdrawal have prompted the business to seek a lower valuation of $7 billion to $8 billion.
The offer consists of a new issue and an OFS totaling 84,300 million. The proceeds from the IPO will be utilized to reduce the company's debt and for other corporate reasons.
The fresh issue component of 70,000 million rupees would be used for repayment/prepayment of certain debt availed by their subsidiaries, 29,000 million rupees would be used for funding their organic and inorganic growth initiatives, and the remainder of the fresh issue would be used for general corporate purposes. The OFS is $14,300 million, with the proceeds going straight to the selling stockholders.
OYO reported a 47% increase in monthly gross book value per hotel in Q1 FY23 compared to the previous fiscal quarter.
In Q1 FY23, OYO recorded revenue from operations of Rs 1,459.3 crore.
The company's Adjusted Gross Profit Margin has steadily increased from 33.2% in FY21 to 40.1% in FY22 and 41.3% in Q1 FY23.
Adjusted profits before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) for the first quarter were 72.66 million Indian rupees (IPO).
Oyo recorded a loss of 18.9 billion rupees ($237 million) for the fiscal year ending March 2022, substantially lowering the previous year's loss of 33.83 billion rupees in 2021
The addendum filed by OYO shows that in the first quarter of FY23, i.e. April, May, and June, the company's sales increased and losses have come down. Gross booking value (GBV) was 24.87 billion rupees in the June quarter and 81 billion rupees in fiscal 2022, up 22% from the previous year.
OYO's revenue from operations in the first quarter stood at Rs 1,459.3 crore. The firm has registered a growth of 47% in gross booking value per hotel in Q1FY23. It stood at Rs 3.25 lakh, which was Rs 2.21 lakh in FY22.
Revenue from customer contracts grew 21% to 47.8 billion rupees for the fiscal year ending March 2022
OYO claimed that its general and administrative expenses have come down by 44.4% in FY22. In FY22, it became 515.4 crores, which was Rs 927 crores in FY21. Employee expenses also declined by 26.5% to Rs 1,117.2 crore from Rs 1,520.4 crore in FY21. Oyo said its 'storefronts' stood at 1.68 lakh at the end of Q1FY23, from around 1.57 lakh at the end of FY21.
Last year, the hotel-booking start-up Oravel Stays announced that it has sustained net losses every year since its inception and that its capacity to attain profitability may be delayed because of the economic consequences of the epidemic.
But now SEBI may consider the IPO document of OYO Hotels after the submission of financials for the second quarter. Considering this speed, OYO Hotels can launch its IPO by the fourth quarter of FY23. OYO submitted its DRHP with SEBI in October of last year and has now requested authorization to file the financial accounts for FY22.
Negative market sentiment, pandemic headwinds, and investor withdrawal have caused the business to seek a lower valuation of $7 billion to $8 billion. Book your IPO today!
बढ़ती हुई महंगाई को नियंत्रित करने के लिए यूरोपियन सेंट्रल बैंक द्वारा पिछले सप्ताह ब्याज दरों में 0.75 प्रतिशत की बढ़ोतरी कर दी गई जिससे यूरो सप्ताह में 1.5 प्रतिशत तेज़ हुआ और अमेरिकी डॉलर इंडेक्स, जिसमे यूरो का वेट 57.6 प्रतिशत है, सप्ताह में 1 प्रतिशत टूट गया। डॉलर में 20 साल की उचाई से गिरावट के कारण सोने और चांदी के भाव में तेज़ी रही। यूरोपीय सेंट्रल बैंक द्वारा अपेक्षा से अधिक दर में वृद्धि के बाद यूरो के दबाव के बावजूद, फेड प्रमुख पॉवेल की टिप्पणियों ने डॉलर को 20 साल के उच्च स्तर के करीब रखा जिसके कारण सोने की तेज़ी सीमित रही। एमसीएक्स में पिछले सप्ताह सोने के भाव 0.60 प्रतिशत जबकि चांदी 5 प्रतिशत तक तेज़ हुई है। केटो इंस्टीट्यूट के वार्षिक मौद्रिक सम्मेलन के एक संबोधन के दौरान फेड चेयर जेरोम पॉवेल द्वारा केंद्रीय बैंक के कठोर रुख को दोहराया और पॉवेल ने शपथ ली है कि जब तक मुद्रास्फीति अपने 2 प्रतिशत लक्ष्य के भीतर नहीं हो जाती, फेड आक्रामक रूप से नीति को सख्त बनाए रखेगा। फेड द्वारा मौद्रिक नीति पर सख्ती, आने वाले कुछ समय के लिए कीमती धातुओं की तेज़ी को सीमित रख सकता है। हालांकि, भारतीय बाज़ारो में त्यौहार का सीजन शुरू होने वाला जिससे सोने और चांदी की मांग में बढ़ोतरी होने के आसार है। त्योहारों के बीच कीमती धातुओं के सस्ते भाव कीमतों में बढ़ोतरी कर सकते है।
इस सप्ताह कीमती धातुए सीमित दायरे में रहने की सम्भवना है। अक्टूबर वायदा सोने की कीमतों में 50000 रुपये पर सपोर्ट है और 51100 रुपये पर प्रतिरोध है। दिसंबर वायदा चांदी में 54000 रुपये पर सपोर्ट और 56000 रुपये पर प्रतिरोध है।
Rakesh Jhunjhunwala started his trading career almost three decades ago with five thousand rupees. This was a time when the Sensex's score was only 150 points. According to the data available on NSE, Rakesh Jhunjhunwala's portfolio includes shares of 33 companies, whose current value is Rs 25,842 crore.
According to Trendline, his portfolio includes Titan, Tata Motors, Star Health and Allied Insurance Company, Metro Brands, Nazara Technology, Federal Bank, DB Realty, Tata Communications along with many more.
Below is the list of Rakesh Jhunjhunwala’s holdings as of the quarter ending.
Stock NameHoldings (%)Holding value (Rs cr.)Aptech Ltd23.38 %274.3Star Health and Allied Insurance Company Ltd17.51 %6,607.44Metro Brands Ltd14.43 %2,068.09NCC Ltd12.84 %501.72Nazara Technologies Ltd10.10 %409.4Rallis India Ltd9.81 %391.47Bilcare Ltd8.48 %13.92Agro Tech Foods Ltd8.22 %163.27Va Tech Wabag Ltd8.04 %125.23Geojit Financial Services Ltd7.55 %96.68Delta Corp Ltd7.48 %455.8Jubilant Pharmova Ltd6.76 %442.75Crisil Ltd5.48 %1,496.88Titan Company Ltd5.05 %9,718.08Jubilant Ingrevia Ltd4.72 %344.15Autoline Industries Ltd4.62 %10.43Karur Vysya Bank Ltd4.50 %154.91Fortis Healthcare Ltd4.23 %767.92Federal Bank Ltd3.65 %651.96Anant Raj Ltd3.39 %58.65Dishman Carbogen Amcis Ltd3.18 %60.88Indian Hotels Company Ltd2.12 %680.78Wockhardt Ltd2.08 %84.98D B Realty Ltd2.06 %34.8Prozone Intu Properties Ltd2.06 %7.42Canara Bank1.96 %701.45Edelweiss Financial Services Ltd1.60 %85.23National Aluminium Company Ltd1.36 %244.25Indiabulls Housing Finance Ltd1.28 %73.26Orient Cement Ltd1.22 %29.53Man Infraconstruction Ltd1.21 %41.67Tata Motors Ltd1.18 %1,629.46TV18 Broadcast Ltd1.17 %84.3Indiabulls Real Estate Ltd1.10 %38.58Tata Communications Ltd1.08 %302.82
Source: Tickertape
Take note of the fact that he is investing in India's financial, healthcare, construction, and real estate investment.
Now let’s understand why this wise decision was. As The population of India is increasing. People would seek better housing and healthcare as the level of life rose. This indicates that borrowing will rise at both the individual and business levels. All of this indicates that there will always be a demand for such stocks.
As of March 31, 2021, Rakesh Jhunjhunwala holds 37 stocks in the market. He is extremely bullish on the banking sector. He was once a bear in the Harshad Mehta days and made a lot of money by shorting stocks post the securities scam in 1992.
The portfolio of Rakesh Jhunjhunwala demonstrates that fluctuations are a natural element of business and cannot be separated from the corporate environment. If we examine his portfolio, we can observe that his holdings have changed since the previous quarter, with eight firms showing a decline in the proportion of their holdings and five companies showing an increase.
Trading is focused on price and trend rather than opinion. As a result, if you buy stocks for Rs. 100 and the price drops to Rs. 90, you may cut your losses and square off your position.
The Tata group is renowned for having very excellent corporate ethics. According to Rakesh Jhunjhunwala, one should concentrate on buying the company rather than the stock. As a result, don't focus too much on the stock's purchase price. In the overall scheme of things, it won't really matter that much. Instead, concentrate on the company you are purchasing. Paying a little bit more for a company with solid fundamentals is not harmful.
Investor Rakesh Jhunjhunwala has no qualms about funding small-cap firms. This is a result of his extraordinarily aggressive investing style. Rakesh Jhunjhunwala's portfolio contains 17.75% of stocks having a market valuation of less than Rs 10,000 crore.
Jhunjhunwala had invested in Titan in the year 2002-03 at Rs 3 per share. At this time the company's stock has increased to Rs 2,422. Jhunjhunwala's Titan portfolio has grown to Rs 11,000 crore from this stock itself. More than one-third of the shares in Big bull’s portfolio is owned by Titan.
Jhunjhunwala realized the inherent risks one has to face while investing and put procedure before success. He didn't follow another person. He disapproved of following established trade practices. We must continuously learn from our past investment mistakes as well as take the expertise of seasoned investors.
Rakesh Jhunjhunwala, a veteran investor, stock market expert, and legendary figure of Dalal Street in India, passed away on Sunday, August 14 from a cardiac arrest.
Today as we look at his journey we find that Rakesh Jhunjhunwala was the only man aside from Warren Buffet who has amassed a billion dollars through stock market investing and that too in a developing market.
Rakesh Jhunjhunwala began his stock market journey with Rs. 5,000, which, in the middle of the 1980s, was $500. He converted that amount over the course of the following 35 years to over $4 billion or Rs 30,000 crore. If you look at the compounding ratio, it has been increased in dollar terms by over 50%.
Rakesh Jhunjhunwala was born on July 5, 1960. He was a son of an income tax officer and began experimenting with stocks while still a college student. His father, who was engaged in the stock market and frequently discussed stocks with friends, was a source of inspiration to him. He also picked up his first lesson from his father, who advised him to follow the news and explained that events throughout the world affect prices. The youngster told his father that he planned to invest as he grew more and more captivated by the stock market. He chose to seek a degree in CA after his father advised him to invest his own money rather than borrow from friends and relatives.
He invested under both his own name and that of his wife, Rekha Jhunjhunwala, who is a licensed chartered accountant.
An Interesting Fact about Rakesh Jhunjhunwala was also a movie producer. Movies like "English-Vinglish," "Shamitabh," and "Ki and Ka" were produced by him. He was the chairman of Hungama Digital media entertainment Pvt Ltd.
The investor was seen as a vibrant, forward-thinking, and relentless Indian optimist who will be remembered in the investment community for his trading and investment skills, which helped many people to believe in the India narrative and provided them with many valuable insights.
The prime minister launched the primary international bullion exchange in India at the nearby Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT City).
According to this arrangement, the NSE-IFSC order matching and trading platform are going to be used for all orders on Nifty derivatives placed by members of Singapore Exchange Limited (SGX).
In addition to accelerating the financialization of gold in India, this exchange would offer effective price discovery with the assurance of ethical sourcing and quality.
Foreign investors who don't want to register and trade in India sometimes buy Nifty contracts on the Singapore Exchange. At its peak, trading on the Nifty made up the maximum amount as 10% of the revenues at the Singapore Stock Exchange. Amid worries that foreign traders may migrate their trading activities to Singapore, India's stock exchanges agreed in early 2018 to cease granting licenses for her indexes to foreign bourses starting in August 2019.
SGX pulled NSE into a legal battle once the contract was terminated. The dispute was ultimately arbitrated. After deciding to sign a connection agreement at Gift City, the exchanges opted to finish the arbitration in September 2020.
India is the second-largest consumer of gold worldwide. the most important importer of precious metals, it brought in 1,069 tonnes of gold in 2021, a rise of 430 tonnes from the year before. the state has strict regulations for gold.
Only organizations and banks that the Federal Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has approved are now allowed to import gold.
The term "bullion" refers to high purity physical sorts of gold and silver that are frequently kept as bars, ingots, or coins. Bullion is usually held by central banks as reserves or owned by institutional investors, and it's even regarded as legal money. The Bullion Spot Delivery Contract and Bullion Depository Receipt (BDR) with underlying Bullion as a Financial Product and related services as Financial Services were announced by the govt in August 2020.
Through authorized banks and organizations, the import of gold was liberalized within the 1990s. then, accredited jewelers in India were for the primary time permitted to import gold directly through IIBX. This conversation is critical in and of itself. Jewelers must be longtime trading member's clients or trade partners in order to qualify for this.
IIBX are going to be led by Ashok Gautama as MD and CEO. before taking over in February 2022, he was employed with IDBI Bank. He formerly had an edge in the State Bank of India (SBI).
This exchange will standardize the financialization of bullion in India, bring transparency to the price-setting mechanism, and work as a standard-setting tool for the bullion's quality (IFSCA).
This would make it possible for authorized jewelers to import gold directly through IIBX, which is governed by the International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA).
NRIs and institutions also will be eligible to participate in the exchange after registering with the International Financial Services Centre Association.
Gold 1 kg with a purity of 995 and gold 100 g with a purity of 999 is going to be traded in the early stages with a settlement period of T+0. The exchange is additionally anticipated to increase the settlement duration to T+2 days.
The establishment of IIBX is anticipated to empower India to require its proper place in the global bullion market and provide services to the global value chain. This affirms the govt of India's commitment to giving India the ability to influence global bullion prices as a major consumer.
कीमती धातुओं के भाव में आक्रामक मौद्रिक नीति के चलते लगातार बिकवाली का दबाव बना हुआ है। पिछले सप्ताह सोने के भाव 50000 प्रति दस ग्राम के भीतर कारोबार करते नज़र आये जबकि प्रति किलो चांदी के भाव 52000 रुपये के निचले स्तरों को छू चुके है। अमेरिकी डॉलर, जो सोने के विपरीत दिशा में चलता है, में फेड प्रमुख जेरोम पॉवेल के बयान के बाद से ही तेज़ी जारी है और यह 110 के स्तरों के करीब पहुंच गया है जिससे सोने के भाव में दबाव बना हुआ है। अमेरिका से जारी होने वाली रोज़गार रिपोर्ट के आंकड़े लगातार बेहतर रहे है जिससे आर्थिक मंदी का डर कम हुआ है और इससे फेड को कठोर नीति कायम रखने में आसानी होगी। फेड श्रम से सम्बंधित आकड़ो पर कड़ी नजर रख रहा है ताकि यह पता लगाया जा सके कि नौकरी बाजार उच्च ब्याज दरों के प्रति कितनी सहनशीलता रखता है। पिछले सप्ताह जारी पैरोल के आकड़ो में नॉन फार्म एम्प्लॉयमेंट चेंज के आंकड़े अनुमान से बेहतर दर्ज किये गए जबकि बेरोज़गारी दर में बढ़ोतरी हुई है, लेकिन यह दर 4 प्रतिशत के नीचे रही जिसको फेड पूर्ण रोज़गार की स्थिति मानता है। अमेरिकी बेंचमार्क ट्रेज़री यील्ड चार साल के ऊपरी स्तरों पर पहुंच चुकी है जिससे डॉलर इंडेक्स को सपोर्ट मिला हुआ है और नॉन यील्डिंग सोने-चांदी की कीमतों में दबाव बन रहा है। ग्लोबल मैन्युफैक्चरिंग आकड़े कमजोर रहने के कारण चांदी के भाव में बिकवाली का दबाव है। इस सप्ताह गुरुवार को यूरोपियन सेंट्रल बैंक की मौद्रिक नीति कीमती धातुओं के लिए महत्वपूर्ण रहेंगी।
इस सप्ताह कीमती धातुए में मंदी रहने की सम्भवना है। अक्टूबर वायदा सोने की कीमतों में 49000 रुपये पर सपोर्ट है और 51000 रुपये पर प्रतिरोध है। दिसंबर वायदा चांदी में 51000 रुपये पर सपोर्ट और 54500 रुपये पर प्रतिरोध है।
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