Futures trading involves a legal contract to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined price at a future date. It is used extensively across financial markets—be it equities, commodities, or currencies.
In India, futures contracts are available for:
💡 Example: A trader expecting crude oil prices to rise buys a futures contract. If the price increases by expiry, they profit.
Futures are often used to protect portfolios from adverse price changes.
Example: A farmer locks in the price of wheat by selling wheat futures on NCDEX, protecting against post-harvest price drops.
Retail traders speculate on price movements to make profits in short durations.
Example: Intraday traders frequently use Bank Nifty futures for margin-based trading.
Futures contracts require only a margin deposit, offering exposure to a much larger position.
⚠️ Note: Leverage can amplify both profits and losses.
To start trading, you need a demat + trading account and F&O activation with a SEBI-registered broker.
Let’s say you expect Reliance Industries to rise in price.
If it goes up to ₹2,600:
If it falls to ₹2,400:
As you can see, volatility and timing are crucial.
Always evaluate your risk tolerance before entering the F&O segment.
Swastika Investmart, a SEBI-registered and NSDL/ CDSL-compliant broker, offers:
✅ With over 30 years of trust and strong regulatory compliance, Swastika helps retail investors and HNIs confidently navigate the futures market.
Yes, through SEBI-approved brokers with activated F&O segments.
No, you can exit anytime before expiry.
Yes, due to leverage and market volatility. Beginners should start small or use demo accounts.
Varies by contract. Some futures require just ₹25,000–₹1,00,000 as margin.
Absolutely. Brokers like Swastika, Zerodha, and Angel One provide mobile platforms.
Futures trading can be a powerful tool when used with knowledge and discipline. Whether you're a hedger or a speculator, understanding how these contracts work—and being aware of the risks—is essential.
If you’re ready to explore futures trading, Swastika Investmart offers all the tools, research, and support you need to trade confidently in India’s dynamic financial markets.
👉 Start your F&O journey with Swastika – Where trust meets technology.
Investment banking is a broad term that is described by several functions including capital market intermediation and stock trading. However, both the terms that are stated above are distinct from the functions associated with commercial banking which majorly involves the acceptance of deposits and providing loans to common people.
Unlike commercial banks, investment banks primarily focused on capital formation and price setting. These are the large financial institutions that assist all the businesses (small scale or global) with capital financing and trading both.
There are many things an investment bank does which in turn uplift the economy to a better position.
Here are a bunch of questions you need to ponder:
If a company XYZ limited, is planning to go with the merger with another company? How to find out whether it’s going to benefit your company?
Who handles the whole documentation process or figures out the new investment strategies?
The answer is Investment Banks. Investment banks are the ones that help many small and mid companies go public so that they can increase their wealth by a large percentage. Also, they assist many companies to underwrite bond offerings and are involved in stock trading and other major investments with handsome investment amounts.
The need for investment banks is extremely large. For instance, the division of banking is responsible for the formation of capital for companies, governments and other entities. Also, investment banks act as an intermediary between investors and corporations. They perform several activities such as negotiation and structuring of mergers and acquisitions and many more.
The involvement of investment banks in the meeting of sellers and investors, also add liquidity to the stock market.
The actions taken by investment banks promote business growth, which in turn boost the economy. As said earlier, investment banks help companies issue stocks for the first time in the form of an IPO, make it public and allow it to trade in the capital market. They also help companies in finding large scale investors for corporate bonds to arrange debt financing.
Investment Banking offers a variety of functions by which they play a major role in uplifting the economy. Here are some of the functions performed by these banks:
IPO launching - Launching an IPO cannot be done without the investment banks. An IPO or initial public offering is a way through which private corporations raise capital by issuing their shares to the public.
By issuing SME IPO’s, they gather public attention in which in turn help companies to not just create capital but also do build branding.
Going public is important for any company and therefore they select a wealthy investment bank based on few merits: quality of work, reputation, experience and more.
The foremost thing an investment bank does is draft a financial statement for the IPO which comes in an underwriting agreement.
Then, the next thing is that it files a financial statement with the SEC.
The investment bank now waits to take the approval of the SEC. Once the offer comes, it sets an offer price.
After issuing the shares, the investment bank starts an aftermath stabilization analysis and monitors the performance of shares in the public market.
The investment bank then receives a commission for its service from the organization.
Underwriting is a process where bankers sell stocks or bonds to investors so that they raise capital. For instance, a corporation takes on financial risk for a fee.
The first process of underwriting comes in when the investment bank first makes a prospectus with a price range. On seeing the price range, investors finalize a firm price.
In the next process, a book of demand is built where the prices that are already set are cleared. Finally, the funds are allocated. Here, we call it a firm’s commitment.
If a company wants to do a merger, firstly it goes to an investment bank. The investment bank. An investment bank needs to perform several things during merger and acquisition:
Investment banks help in raising funds for the merger company.
Investment banks deliver the best strategy for the merger.
These banks firstly analyze the merging company, gather all the necessary information, find out its actual value and present it to you.
Investment banks also help in minimizing the risks associated with the business. A business is associated with many risks such as business risk, investment risk, compliance risk, legal risk, operational risk and more. Investment banks here figure out all these risks, try to minimize them and find out how they will affect the bank.
Market risk is the most important factor an investment bank needs to figure out. For that, they need to keep an eye on critical factors such as credit risks. Investment banks set up a strong team whose major job is to do a risk assessment.
Research is the primary objective for any job and so is investment banks. That’s the reason investment banks do thorough stock market research such as analyzing a company’s performance, reading the financial statements, and more. Also, they always keep an eye on the stock market which in turn helps you make a profit by giving advisory services such as sales and trade.
Investment banks perform various stock market research such as fixed income research, qualitative research, equity research, macroeconomic research.
Some investment banks offer merchant banking services in several areas such as financials, legal, marketing, and managerial divisions.
Investment banks give a huge contribution to the country's economy as investment banks help companies to generate more funds. Secondly, a commercial bank primarily focuses on transactions, investment banks, on the other hand, devise a plan for efficient business ventures.
Investment banking is very important for today’s economy. These banks perform several functions which include IPO launching through which they can raise funds as well. Also, the investment banks easily manage your assets so that they will make more and make profits. We have a team of highly profound investment bankers that has helped many SME’s grow their business via IPO launching and M&A and venture capital.
Vijaya Diagnostic Center is certainly considered one of the most important diagnostic networks in India. It helps in the delivery of fast, cost-effective, and cutting-edge diagnostic care in a great atmosphere.
Vijaya Diagnostic Centre provides pathology and radiology offerings to it as clients through its community of 80 diagnostic centres and 11 reference laboratories throughout 13 towns and cities with inside the states of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh and the National Capital Region and Kolkata. They have massive groups and networks that are serving as exceptional providers to the nation.
For the convenience of their clients, they provide value-added services such as home specimen collection, house visits, and various delivery or access options (i.e., diagnostic centres, SMS, email, and online portal) for test reports.
The Vijay Diagnostic IPO comprises an OFS amounting to 1,895.04 cr. The issue will open on Sept 01, 2021, and closes on Sept 03, 2021. The issue is priced at 522 to 531 per equity share.
The minimal bid lot is 28 stocks and in multiples of 28 stocks subsequently. It will close on September 3. While the corporation will now no longer acquire any proceeds from the SME IPO the promoting shareholders will get them it expects the list of the stocks to decorate its visibility and brand image.
Qualified Institutional Buyer constitutes 50 percent. around 15 per cent is allocated to Non-Institutional Investors and around 35 per cent is kept for retail investors. For retail investors, it is kept at a minimum of one lot, primarily based totally on availability for each shareholder.
The corporation witnessed a CAGR of 13 per cent in case of sales from operations, from Rs 292.6 crore in FY 2019 to Rs 376.7 crore in FY 2021. In the case of adjusted EBITDA, the corporation witnessed a CAGR of 24 per cent from FY 2019 to FY 2021.
The corporation operations have been improved considerably from 61 diagnostic centres as of March 31, 2019, to 81 diagnostic centres as of June 30, 2021. The corporation’s earnings for the 12 months grew from Rs 46.27 crore for 2019 to Rs 84.91 crore for 2021.
Subscription Dates1 – 3 September 2021Price BandINR522 – 531 per share Fresh issue Nil Offer For Sale35,688,064 shares (INR1,862.92 – 1,895.04 crore)Total IPO size35,688,064 shares (INR1,862.92 – 1,895.04 crore)Minimum bid (lot size)28 shares Face Value INR1 per share Retail Allocation35%Listing On NSE, BSE
Indian diagnostics market was up to Rs.730 billion in FY21 and projected to grow at a CAGR of 13% to reach approximately Rs.980 billion by FY23 where the growth is expected from the awareness of healthcare and spending on preventive and wellness.
IPO is priced at a PE of 64x on the EPS of Rs. 8.26 which is slightly lower as compared to its peers. There have been negative sentiments for pure OFS based IPO and we saw that few recent IPOs have not performed well in the last couple of months. Thus we assign an "Avoid" rating to the IPO.
What is Vijaya Diagnostic IPO?
Vijaya Diagnostic IPO is the main board IPO of having 35,688,064 equity shares of the face value of ₹ 1 that aggregates up to ₹ 1895.04. The issue is priced at ₹ 522 to ₹ 531 per equity share.
The minimum order quantity is 28 shares.
The IPO opens on September 1, 2021, and closes on 3 September 2021.
1.Visit the Swastika website and click on it to open Demat account.
2. Submit the IPO application form.
For more details, click on https://trade.swastika.co.in/
Firstly Ami Organics Limited affords to its home and worldwide clients the subsequent commitments. Ami Organics Limited is devoted to efficaciously assemble your expectancies of a varied product range.
Secondly Ami Group has the aim of converting affordable cash into speciality chemical substances for Agrochemicals, Cosmetics, and Polymers.
At last Ami Organics Limited employs professional and devoted employees those who run the centres supported via way of means of superior and modern equipment.
They have extended to offer New Chemical Entity (NCE) in addition to huge-scale shipping of pharmaceutical intermediates. Fine and strong point chemical substances that meet ISO requirements. In order to set up the role with inside the international market.
Proceeds from the fresh issue could be used toward compensation of resolving debt and investment capital necessities.
The IPO of Ami Organics accommodates the fresh issue of equity stocks really well worth Rs 200 crore and an offer for sale of as much as 6,059,600 equity stocks via way of means of present shareholders.
The enterprise has decreased its fresh issue size to Rs 200 crore from Rs 300 crore after elevating Rs 100 crore in a pre-IPO placement. The price band has been set at Rs 603-610 percentage for the general public issue. At the upper end of the price band, the initial percentage sale is anticipated to fetch Rs 569.63 crore.
Earlier Ami Organics had filed initial papers with SEBI in 2018 and had acquired the regulator's nod to release the general public issue. However, it did not float the IPO. This is the enterprise's second try to issue the public offer.
Half of the issue size has been reserved for qualified institutional investors, 35 per cent for retail investors and the last 15 per cent for non-institutional investors.
Ami Organics IPO details Subscription Dates1 – 3 September 2021Price BandINR603 – 610 per share Fresh issueINR200 crore Offer For Sale6,059,600 shares (INR365.39 – 369.64 crore)Total IPO sizeINR565.39 – 569.64 crore Minimum bid (lot size)24 shares Face Value INR10 per share Retail Allocation35%Listing On NSE, BSE
The company had consistent revenue growth in the last 3 years. Revenues of the company have grown at a CAGR of 12% from Rs 239 cr to Rs 342 cr over the period of FY19 to FY21 while we saw much better improvement profits as it grew from Rs 25 cr to Rs 53 Cr at a CAGR of 29%. The profit margins have grown continuously over the years.
The Indian API market is estimated to witness a growth rate of over 9.5% while the Indian pharmaceutical market has increased by 7.4% and reached around $19 billion in FY17 and is expected to reach nearly $29 billion in FY22 on the back of Increasing Incidences of Chronic Diseases. IPO is priced at a PE of 35x on the EPS of Rs. 17.14 which is lower as compared to its peers average. We saw that a few recent IPOs have not performed well in the last couple of months as the market is being choppy. Thus we assign a "Subscribe" rating to the IPO for Mid to Long Term Investors. To invest in Ami Organics Limited IPO, open your demat account and start your investment journey.
The distinction between investment banking and commercial banking is a common query among those seeking clarity about the banking system.
In India, banking is integral across all levels of society, from high-profile businessmen to middle-class families and even those in poverty. Bank accounts are essential for everyday financial transactions, including deposits and withdrawals.
Commercial Banking:
Commercial banking, often referred to as retail banking, involves providing financial services to individuals and businesses. These services include accepting deposits, offering savings and checking accounts, providing loans and mortgages, and offering other basic financial products. Commercial banks generate revenue primarily through the interest they earn on loans and the fees they charge for their services.
Key Functions of Commercial Banking
Regulatory Framework
Commercial banks are regulated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. The RBI ensures the safety and soundness of the banking system through measures like capital adequacy norms, asset classification and provisioning standards, and corporate governance requirements. Commercial banks in India are regulated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. The RBI ensures the safety and soundness of the banking system through measures like capital adequacy norms, asset classification and provisioning standards, and corporate governance requirements.
Investment Banking:
Investment banking, on the other hand, differs significantly from commercial banking. They specialize in helping organizations raise capital and provide financial advisory services. Investment banks act as intermediaries between entities seeking capital (such as corporations and SMEs) and those looking to invest (HNIs and institutional investors).
Key Functions of Investment Banking
Regulatory Framework
Investment banks operate under a different regulatory framework compared to commercial banks. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) regulates investment banking activities under the SEBI Act, 1992, and the various regulations issued thereunder. Additionally, the RBI oversees certain aspects of investment banking operations, especially for banks engaged in these activities.
Key Differences between Investment Banking and Commercial Banking
Clientele: Commercial banks serve the general public and businesses, whereas investment banks cater to large corporations, governments, and institutional investors.
Services Provided: Commercial banks focus on deposit-taking, lending, and basic financial services, while investment banks specialize in complex financial transactions like underwriting, M&A advisory, launching IPOs, valuations of companies, and trading.
Revenue Sources: Commercial banks earn revenue from interest on loans and service fees, while investment banks generate income through fees from underwriting, advisory services, trading profits, asset management fees, and fund raising fees.
Regulation: Commercial banks are regulated by the RBI to ensure stability and protect depositors, with a focus on capital adequacy and risk management. SEBI regulates investment banks to ensure market integrity and protect investors, with a focus on transparency and reducing systemic risk.
Risk Exposure: Commercial banks face credit risk from loan defaults and interest rate risk. Investment banks face market risk, liquidity risk, and operational risk due to their involvement in trading and complex financial activities.
Conclusion
While both investment banking and commercial banking are essential components of the financial system in India, they serve different purposes and operate in distinct ways. Commercial banks are the backbone of everyday financial transactions and credit provision for individuals and businesses. In contrast, investment banks are the architects of capital markets, enabling large-scale funding and facilitating major corporate transactions. Understanding these differences is crucial for anyone looking to engage with the financial sector in India, whether for personal finance, corporate finance, or investment purposes.
The insurance industry is a key factor of the economic system with the aid of using distinctive features of the number of premiums it collects, the size of its funding and, fundamentally, it plays a crucial social and economic function as it helps in overlaying private and commercial enterprise risks.
The below details encompass Insurance penetration throughout distinctive nations. The insurance penetration for your information is measured as the ratio of premium to GDP.
It's far ranked as in the top 10 nations of the world for its insurance penetration. The premium of the U.S. is the most important at the global level.
The insurance density which is the premium in line with capita is ranked lower because of the huge population of the United States. At the same time, the rating of the insurance penetration (premium/GDP) is even lower because of the excessive economic improvement level.
Many developed nations together with Japan, U.K., France and Germany share similar traits as that of the U.S.A. The United Kingdom generated margins above 10 percent. The claims ratio within side the UK’s medical health insurance zone has been solid historically, which has helped to keep the boost in the insurance market.
The largest markets in medical health insurance, together with France, Germany, and the Netherlands, had a net earnings margin of approximately 2 per cent on average within the 2015–16 time frame, however, it's far on a declining trend, because of excessive opposition that drives pricing and margin downwards. In rising markets, personal medical health insurance premiums are a small per cent of general health expenditure and are drastically lower than the extra classes of expenses.
In financial 2017, life insurance businesses in Japan had earnings of ¥33.7 trillion from insurance premiums. Although this amount was developing steadily in view that financial 2002, it has declined during the last years in a row.
Changes in household composition have reduced the want for huge death benefits aimed toward heads of households. Meanwhile, the need for 0.33 per cent of insurance together with clinical and nursing care merchandise is increasing.
The Changes in household composition because of the declining birthrate, ageing population, and overdue marriage have helped the Italy insurance market get more attention through people.
Global distribution tendencies range with the aid of using product and vicinity. In life coverage, whilst banc assurance dominates the distribution area in lots of Asian and European geographies, however, we see a speedy boom within the reputation of direct distribution modes in lots of geographies.
Analyses of the overall performance of direct players, in a few geographies, additionally screen that they're capable of outperforming their markets.
As is discovered from these numbers, even though the premium of China is amongst the most important within the global market, the ranking of China's insurance density commonly known as the premium in line with capita has gone to drastically lower levels because of the very huge population. The insurance penetration is rated much better than the insurance density because of the especially low economic improvement level.
The penetration for life coverage in India is 2.82%, and the penetration for non-life insurance has gone lower and now stands at 0.94%. Globally, coverage penetration turned into 3.35% for the life insurance section and 3.88% for the non-life insurance section.
Companies searching for the top market have gained an increase in possibilities within the international insurance markets. maximum providers may even want to go looking farther afield.
Looking ahead, on the geographic level, Latin America and the Middle East are anticipated to be the fastest-growing nearby markets, the top line of the insurance market is anticipated to develop health insurance as its fastest-growing section.
सोने- चांदी के भाव पिछले सप्ताह जैक्सन होल सिम्पोसियम के होने के कारण एक सीमित दायरे में ही रहे और कीमती धातुओं में कारोबार का दायरा सकारात्मक रहा। अमेरिका की 10 साल बांड उपज बढ़कर 1.34 प्रतिशत हो गई है।
डॉलर की तुलना में रूपया पिछले सप्ताह में 0.37 प्रतिशत मजबूत हुआ है जबकि डॉलर इंडेक्स जो सोने की विपरीत दिशा में चलता है, 0.82 प्रतिशत की गिरावट दर्ज की गई है। अमेरिका से जारी बेरोज़गारी के दावे और प्रिलिम जीडीपी के आंकड़े अनुमान से कमजोर दर्ज किये गए।
दूसरी ओर, अफगानिस्तान में बदतर होती परिस्थिति के कारण निवेशकों का भरोसा सोने में बना हुआ है। कच्चे तेल के भाव में 300 रुपये प्रति बैरल की तेज़ी पिछले सप्ताह में देखि गई है जिससे सोने के भाव को सपोर्ट मिला है।
शुक्रवार को हुए जैक्सन होल सिम्पोजियम के भाषण मे पॉवेल के मुताबिक इस बात पर विश्वास करने का कोई कारण नहीं है कि मूलभूत अवस्फीति के कारण अचानक बदल गए हैं, और मुद्रास्फीति लगातार घटने की संभावना है।
श्रम बाजार में पर्याप्त सुस्ती और महामारी जारी रहने के साथ, गलत समय पर नीतिगत कदम विशेष रूप से हानिकारक हो सकता है। संपत्ति खरीद कार्यक्रम इस साल के अंत तक घटाया जा सकता है लेकिन सीधे तोर पर ब्याज दर वृद्धि के संकेत नहीं है।
फेड प्रमुख जेरोम पॉवेल के बयां के बाद कीमती धातुओं में निचले स्तरों से उछाल देखा गया। और अक्टूबर वायदा सोना निचले स्तरों से 400 रुपये मजबूत होकर 47200 रुपये प्रति दस ग्राम पर रहा।
इस सप्ताह कीमती धातुओं में तेज़ी रह सकती है। सोने में 46700 रुपये पर सपोर्ट है और 48000 रुपये पर प्रतिरोध है। दिसंबर वायदा चांदी में 62500 रुपये पर सपोर्ट और 64500 रुपये पर प्रतिरोध है।
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